Python Programming

Introduction to Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It is widely used in Web Development, Data Science, Automation, & Artificial Intelligence.

1. Python Basics

Hello, World!

pythonCopyEditprint("Hello, World!")

Variables & Data Types

pythonCopyEditname = "Alice"  # String
age = 25        # Integer
height = 5.6    # Float
is_student = True  # Boolean

User Input

pythonCopyEditname = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name)

Type Casting

pythonCopyEditage = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("Next year, you will be", age + 1)

Operators

pythonCopyEdita = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)  # Addition
print(a - b)  # Subtraction
print(a * b)  # Multiplication
print(a / b)  # Division
print(a // b) # Floor Division
print(a % b)  # Modulus
print(a ** b) # Exponentiation

2. Conditional Statements

pythonCopyEditage = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult.")
elif age >= 13:
    print("You are a teenager.")
else:
    print("You are a child.")

---

3. Loops

For Loop

pythonCopyEditfor i in range(1, 6):
    print(i)

While Loop

pythonCopyEditcount = 1
while count <= 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

Loop Control

pythonCopyEditfor i in range(1, 10):
    if i == 5:
        break  # Stops loop
    print(i)

for i in range(1, 10):
    if i == 5:
        continue  # Skips iteration
    print(i)

---

4. Functions

pythonCopyEditdef greet(name):
    return "Hello, " + name

print(greet("Alice"))

Default and Keyword Arguments

pythonCopyEditdef power(base, exponent=2):
    return base ** exponent

print(power(3))     # Default exponent is 2
print(power(3, 3))  # Exponent is 3

---

5. Data Structures

Lists

pythonCopyEditfruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("orange")
print(fruits[0])  # Access first element
print(fruits[-1]) # Access last element

Tuples (Immutable Lists)

pythonCopyEditcoordinates = (4, 5)
print(coordinates[0])

Sets (Unique Items)

pythonCopyEditunique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 4}
print(unique_numbers)  # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4}

Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs)

pythonCopyEditperson = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 25,
    "city": "New York"
}
print(person["name"])